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Un dossier majeur à surveiller - Become a Freedom and Wealth Architect
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TradingUn dossier majeur à surveiller

25 avril 2024249110 min

Le 8 mai dernier, Donald Trump enterrait l’accord sur le nucléaire iranien signé en 2015 entre Téhéran et les grandes puissances internationales. Depuis mardi matin, les Etats-Unis imposent à nouveau des sanctions économiques sur l’Iran, en particulier sur ses transactions financières, ses secteurs aéronautiques, automobiles et sur ses importations de matières premières. A cette occasion, Donald Trump a tweeté : “Les sanctions contre l’Iran sont officiellement en place. Ce sont les sanctions les plus dures jamais imposées […] Quiconque faisant des affaires avec l’Iran ne fera pas d’affaires avec les Etats-Unis”. Le 5 novembre prochain, ces mesures seront renforcées en s’étendant aux secteurs pétroliers et gaziers, cruciaux pour la fragile économie du pays.

 

En réaction, le président iranien Hassan Rohani a menacé ces derniers jours de bloquer le détroit d’Ormuz, si les Etats-Unis et leurs alliés cessent leurs importations de pétrole iranien. Cette menace est particulièrement intéressante, suite aux récentes manœuvres militaires menées dans le détroit ces derniers jours par les forces iraniennes. Et pour cause, près de 30% du pétrole transporté par voie maritime au niveau mondial transite justement par ce détroit, utilisé par les principaux producteurs du Golfe. Pour information, près de 80% de ce flux d’or noir serait dédié aux pays asiatiques, et en particulier à la Chine. Le détroit sert également à l’acheminement du gaz naturel liquéfié produit au Qatar. En 2011, lorsque les négociations étaient particulièrement tendues autour de l’accord (finalement validé quatre ans plus tard), Téhéran avait déjà menacé de bloquer le détroit d’Ormuz. A cette époque, la cinquième flotte maritime américaine avait été déplacée à proximité, à Bahreïn. La menace ne fut pas exécutée par Téhéran.

 

Il est impossible de savoir si le retour des sanctions américaines provoquera cette fois-ci ce scénario “catastrophe”. L’une des principales conséquences serait évidemment une envolée des prix de l’or noir, pénalisant essentiellement les importateurs asiatiques et européens. Quant aux exportateurs, les victimes seraient surtout l’Irak, le Koweït et les Emirats Arabes Unis car l’Arabie Saoudite peut détourner une grande partie de son pétrole par voie terrestre, grâce à son réseau de pipelines. A ce risque économique s’ajouterait évidemment celui d’un conflit entre les Etats-Unis et l’Iran. Et pour cause, les Américains ne laisseraient pas les forces armées iraniennes bloquer le détroit d’Ormuz sans réagir. Le commandant de la Navy Bill Urban l’a d’ailleurs confirmé à Reuters le mois dernier. Pour l’heure, la plupart des experts du dossier semblent unanimes quant à la faible probabilité d’un tel blocage. Il s’agirait avant tout de menaces de derniers recours, tant les sanctions américaines risquent de pénaliser l’industrie pétrolière iranienne. Cette dernière représente environs 80% des ressources du pays, dont l’économie est déjà fortement pénalisée : le rial a plongé de près de 60% en l’espace de six mois. Ce dossier risque de se retrouver au coeur de l’évolution de l’or noir dans les prochaines semaines et je vous invite à surveiller les futures déclarations américaines et iraniennes sur le sujet.

Brent : représentation en unité de temps quotidienne (Heikin Ashi)

 

Point technique :

D’un point de vue technique, j’attends de rentrer à l’achat sur le marché en cas de retour au-dessus des 75$ le baril de Brent, comme nous l’avons vu en séance mardi 7 août. Cette dernière sera consultable sur le site jusqu’à mardi prochain. Pour l’heure, les tensions entre l’Iran et les Etats-Unis pèsent assez peu sur les cotations mais je vous invite à surveiller de près ce dossier, tant Donald Trump a su déstabiliser ces derniers mois d’autres marchés boursiers. La moyenne mobile simple de période 200 (courbe bleue sur le graphique) reste orientée à l’achat sur le long terme, et frôle le support-clé des 70$ au moment de l’écriture de ce mémo. Mes objectifs, en cas de retour au-dessus des 75$ seraient fixés sous les différentes résistances indiquées par les Retracements de Fibonacci ci-dessus. J’aurai l’occasion de mettre à jour cette trame lors des prochaines séances en direct.

 

Article rédigé le mercredi 8 août 2018.

 

Niveaux techniques en H4 :

  • Résistance 2 : 74,75$ / 75,00$
  • Résistance 1 : 73,40$
  • Frontière technique : 72,80$
  • Support 1 : 71,20$
  • Support 2 : 70,00$

 

Pour aller plus loin :

 

Disclaimer :

FWA informe les participants que les informations contenues dans cet article ne constituent pas, en aucune manière, une sollicitation ou incitation à acheter ou vendre des produits financiers. Toute utilisation par les participants des informations contenues dans cet article, et à cet égard toute décision que ces lecteurs viendraient à prendre relativement à une éventuelle opération d’achat ou de vente, sont sous la responsabilité exclusive des lecteurs, qui le reconnaissent et l’acceptent préalablement à leur lecture.

 


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